These cows are housed indoors throughout their lactation and may be put to pasture during their 60-day dry period before ideally calving again. This involves formulating their diet to provide ideal nutrition and housing the cows in a confinement system such as free stall or tie stall.
Intensive systems focus towards maximum production per cow in the herd. ĭairy farming, like many other livestock rearing, can be split into intensive and extensive management systems. The top breed of dairy cow within Canada's national herd category is Holstein, taking up 93% of the dairy cow population, have an annual production rate of 10,257 kilograms (22,613 pounds) of milk per cow that contains 3.9% butter fat and 3.2% protein. dairy farms-about 13 million fewer than there were in 1950. The United States dairy herd produced 84.2 billion kilograms (185.7 billion pounds) of milk in 2007, up from 52.9 billion kilograms (116.6 billion pounds) in 1950, yet there were only about 9 million cows on U.S. In New Zealand, the average herd has more than 375 cows, while in Australia, there are approximately 220 cows in the average herd. The United Kingdom dairy herd overall has nearly 1.5 million cows, with about 100 head reported on an average farm. The number of small herds is falling rapidly with the 3,100 herds with over 500 cows producing 51% of U.S. The United States has an estimated 9 million cows in around 75,000 dairy herds, with an average herd size of 120 cows. Herd sizes vary around the world depending on landholding culture and social structure. Dairy cows may be found either in herds or dairy farms where dairy farmers own, manage, care for, and collect milk from them, or on commercial farms.
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